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Traditions populaires --- Normes sociales

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Golden rule --- Religious traditions

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Os ensaios reunidos neste livro abordam o tema do a priori, tal como ele ocorre no pensamento de Kant. Sendo este reconhecidamente o mais central e o mais óbvio dos temas da filosofia kantiana, ele é também, apesar disso, e talvez precisamente por isso, um dos menos estudados e dos menos compreendidos na sua amplitude e nas suas implicações, pelo que, apesar da muito familiar ocorrência e insistente invocação, ele continua sendo uma das expressões mais problemáticas e ambíguas do vocabulário kantiano. Kant conferiu a esse termo um significado técnico e uma função estratégica, como meio de superar a simples oposição entre o conhecimento puramente racional (analítico, a-priori) e o conhecimento empírico (sintético, a-posteriori), introduzindo uma nova modalidade de conhecimento formulado em juízos sintéticos a-priori, e assim capazes de garantir a universalidade e a necessidade e ao mesmo tempo a objetividade e o progresso efetivo do conhecimento.

History of philosophy, philosophical traditions

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Almost forty years after the publication of Hobsbawm and Ranger’s The Invention of Tradition, the subject of invented traditions—cultural and historical practices that claim a continuity with a distant past but which are in fact of relatively recent origin—is still relevant, important, and highly contentious. Invented Traditions in North and South Korea examines the ways in which compressed modernity, Cold War conflict, and ideological opposition has impacted the revival of traditional forms in both Koreas. The volume is divided thematically into sections covering: (1) history, religions, (2) language, (3) music, food, crafts, and finally, (4) space. It includes chapters on pseudo-histories, new religions, linguistic politeness, literary Chinese, p’ansori, heritage, North Korean food, architecture, and the invention of children’s pilgrimages in the DPRK. As the first comparative study of invented traditions in North and South Korea, the book takes the reader on a journey through Korea’s epic twentieth century, examining the revival of culture in the context of colonialism, decolonization, national division, dictatorship, and modernization. The book investigates what it describes as “monumental” invented traditions formulated to maintain order, loyalty, and national identity during periods of political upheaval as well as cultural revivals less explicitly connected to political power. Invented Traditions in North and South Korea demonstrates that invented traditions can teach us a great deal about the twentieth-century political and cultural trajectories of the two Koreas. With contributions from historians, sociologists, folklorists, scholars of performance, and anthropologists, this volume will prove invaluable to Koreanists, as well as teachers and students of Korean and Asian studies undergraduate courses.

Invented traditions --- Nationalism --- Political culture

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Originally published in 1977. In this major work, an overview of the structure of historical writing, Maurice Mandelbaum clarifies some of the problems concerning the nature of history as a discipline, of what constitutes explanation in history, and whether historical knowledge is as reliable as other forms of knowledge. The work is divided into three parts. The first part provides an analytic account of different types of historical inquiry. The second treats at length the nature of causal explanation in everyday life and in science and considers the relation between causes and laws. The final part analyzes the concept of objectivity and estimates both the extent to which the inquiries of historians can be said to be objective and the limits of that objectivity in some types of historical accounts.

History --- Philosophy. --- History of philosophy, philosophical traditions